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German grammar · A2

German Comparative and Superlative: Bigger, Biggest

German compares adjectives the way English does with short words: add an ending rather than a separate word. There is no German equivalent of more interesting — every adjective, however long, takes the ending.

The endings, and the umlaut

The comparative adds -er: schnell → schneller. The superlative adds -st, and as a standalone form it appears as am …-sten: am schnellsten.

Many one-syllable adjectives also take an umlaut: alt → älter → am ältesten, jung → jünger, groß → größer, lang → länger. Adjectives ending in -t, -d or an s-sound insert an e before the superlative ending, which is why it is am ältesten rather than am ältsten.

Crucially, long adjectives behave the same way: interessant → interessanter → am interessantesten. Building mehr interessant on the English pattern is wrong.

The irregulars, and als versus wie

A handful are irregular and are all extremely common: gut → besser → am besten, viel → mehr → am meisten, gern → lieber → am liebsten, hoch → höher → am höchsten, nah → näher → am nächsten.

For the comparison itself: als means than and wie means as. Er ist größer als ich — bigger than me. Er ist so groß wie ich — as big as me. Swapping them is a frequent error and changes the claim you are making.

The superlative before a noun takes endings

There are two superlative forms and they are used in different positions.

am …-sten stands alone, after the verb: Dieser Zug ist am schnellsten.

In front of a noun, the superlative behaves like any other adjective — it takes an article and an adjective ending: der schnellste Zug, die beste Lösung, mit dem schnellsten Zug.

Using am schnellsten in front of a noun is a common error, and it is immediately visible in writing.

Examples

Mistakes to avoid

The errors are copying the English more construction for long adjectives, and using wie where the sentence means than.

How this is tested in the exam

Comparison is built into A2 and B1 speaking tasks: which option is better, which you would prefer, why one is more practical than another. In Schreiben it is how you justify a choice, and lieber in particular is difficult to avoid when stating a preference.

Frequently asked questions

How do you form the comparative in German?

Add -er to the adjective: schnell becomes schneller. This applies to long adjectives too, so interessanter is correct and mehr interessant is not.

Which German adjectives take an umlaut in the comparative?

Many one-syllable adjectives, including alt, jung, groß, lang, stark and kurz. They keep the umlaut in the superlative as well.

What is the difference between als and wie?

Als means than and is used for unequal comparison: größer als ich. Wie means as and is used for equality: so groß wie ich.

What are the irregular German comparatives?

gut/besser/am besten, viel/mehr/am meisten, gern/lieber/am liebsten, hoch/höher/am höchsten and nah/näher/am nächsten.

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